> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://ngquct-feat-ai-sql-walkthroughs.mintlify.site/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Amazon Redshift

> Connect to Redshift clusters and Serverless over the PostgreSQL wire protocol, with DISTKEY and SORTKEY metadata display

# Amazon Redshift Connections

TablePro connects to Amazon Redshift using the same libpq driver as [PostgreSQL](/databases/postgresql), plus Redshift-specific metadata queries for distribution style, sort keys, and table size. The PostgreSQL page applies unless noted here.

## Connection Settings

| Field        | Default | Notes                                                                          |
| ------------ | ------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| **Host**     | -       | Cluster endpoint, e.g. `my-cluster.abc123xyz.us-east-1.redshift.amazonaws.com` |
| **Port**     | `5439`  |                                                                                |
| **Database** | `dev`   | **Required**; every cluster has a `dev` database                               |

Fill in the form and click **Save & Connect**. Connection URLs use the `redshift://` scheme, see [Connection URL Reference](/databases/connection-urls).

<Note>
  AWS IAM authentication is not available for Redshift connections (unlike MySQL and PostgreSQL). Use the cluster's database username and password.
</Note>

## Features

**Schemas**: like PostgreSQL, default schema `public`. Table metadata comes from `svv_table_info`: distribution style, sort keys, and table size.

**DDL**: table definitions include DISTKEY, SORTKEY, DISTSTYLE, and ENCODE directives. Foreign keys display as informational; Redshift does not enforce them.

<Frame caption="Distribution style and sort keys in table info">
  <img className="block dark:hidden" src="https://mintcdn.com/ngquct-feat-ai-sql-walkthroughs/Bj1EoTflf_jG6N_3/images/redshift-table-info-sortkeys.png?fit=max&auto=format&n=Bj1EoTflf_jG6N_3&q=85&s=0a386125dbefe994b34ff00587697172" alt="Redshift table info showing distribution style and sort keys" width="1560" height="960" data-path="images/redshift-table-info-sortkeys.png" />

  <img className="hidden dark:block" src="https://mintcdn.com/ngquct-feat-ai-sql-walkthroughs/Bj1EoTflf_jG6N_3/images/redshift-table-info-sortkeys-dark.png?fit=max&auto=format&n=Bj1EoTflf_jG6N_3&q=85&s=3f1c6658ab44297239ea137818ca4fc1" alt="Redshift table info showing distribution style and sort keys" width="1560" height="960" data-path="images/redshift-table-info-sortkeys-dark.png" />
</Frame>

**Backup & Maintenance**: **Backup Dump** and **Restore Dump** (via `pg_dump`) work for Redshift, and the maintenance panel offers **VACUUM** with FULL, ANALYZE, and VERBOSE options. See [Backup & Restore](/features/backup-restore).

**Import & Export**: export to CSV, JSON, SQL, or XLSX. Import from CSV, JSON, or SQL. See [Import & Export](/features/import-export).

## Structure Editing

TablePro disables the structure-editing UI for Redshift: no column, index, or key changes from the structure tab. Run `ALTER TABLE` statements in the SQL editor instead.

## Redshift Limitations

Columnar warehouse, not a general-purpose RDBMS: no traditional indexes (DISTKEY/SORTKEY instead), no enums, sequences, or triggers, and foreign keys are informational only.

## Troubleshooting

**Connection refused**: check the security group allows port 5439, the cluster is publicly accessible (or use an [SSH tunnel](/databases/ssh-tunneling)), and the cluster is not paused.

**Auth failed**: verify the master username and password in the AWS Console.

**Slow queries**: check distribution with `SELECT * FROM svv_table_info WHERE "table" = 'your_table'`, run `ANALYZE` to update stats, and match SORTKEY to your WHERE/JOIN predicates.